Analysis of the Risk Factors of In-hospital Death in Adult Trauma Patients at the Emergency Department / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To accurately assess the condition of trauma patients at the emergency department (ED),the risk factors of in-hospital death were explored. Methods A total of 86 emergency trauma patients were retrospectively investigated. They were divided into survival and non-survival groups,in the First Hospital of China Medical University,from August 2016 to February 2017. Clinical parameters,such as sex,age,heart rate,oxygen saturation,mean arterial pressure,white blood cell count,serum creatinine,urea nitrogen, prothrombin time,activated partial thromboplastin time,hemoglobin,platelet count,serum albumin,fibrinogen,glutamic-pyruvic,total bilirubin,Glasgow coma scale (GCS),sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score,and injury severity score were evaluated and recorded. The parameters which were significantly different (P < 0. 1) between the two groups were analyzed using the logistic regression analysis to determine the independent risk factors of death at the ED. Receiver-operating characteristic curves were drawn to evaluate their prognostic abilities. Results GCS and SOFA score were the independent risk factors of in-hospital death in trauma patients (P < 0. 05). Conclusion Organ function,especially that of the brain,is closely related to the prognosis of adult trauma patients.

The Effects of Valproic Acid on Macrophage Polarization Induced by Paraquat or Lipopolysaccharide / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To analyze the effects of valproic acid(VPA),a histone deacetylase(HDAC)inhibitor,on macrophage polarization in?duced by paraquat(PQ)or lipopolysaccharide(LPS). Methods Mouse RAW264.7 cells were cultured at 37℃with 5%CO2,passaged,and then given one of the following treatments:(1)PQ;(2)PQ+VPA(classⅠandⅡa HDAC inhibitor);(3)PQ+apicidin(classⅠHDAC inhibitor);(4)PQ+MC1568(classⅡa HDAC inhibitor);(5)LPS;(6)LPS+VPA;(7)LPS+apicidin;(8)LPS+MC1568. The cells and culture supernatants were harvested after 8 h of treatment. RT?PCR,ELISA,and flow cytometry were conducted to assess the expression levels of macrophage phenotyp?ic markers. Results Both PQ and LPS skewed the macrophage functional polarity toward proinflammatory phenotype. VPA,apicidin,and MC1568 all inhibited PQ?and LPS?induced macrophages polarizing toward pro?inflammatory phenotype ,but the inhibitory effects were different in some ways. Conclusion VPA inhibits the proinflammatory function of macrophages induced by PQ and LPS ,but the effect of VPA on PQ?and LPS?induced macrophages has its own characteristics.

Effect of phenolic ketones on ethanol fermentation and cellular lipid composition of Pichia stipitis / 生物工程学报

Lignin degradation products are toxic to microorganisms, which is one of the bottlenecks for fuel ethanol production. We studied the effects of phenolic ketones (4-hydroxyacetophenone, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-acetophenone and 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-acetophenone) derived from lignin degradation on ethanol fermentation of xylose and cellular lipid composition of Pichia stipitis NLP31. Ethanol and the cellular fatty acid of yeast were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Results indicate that phenolic ketones negatively affected ethanol fermentation of yeast and the lower molecular weight phenolic ketone compound was more toxic. When the concentration of 4-hydroxyacetophenone was 1.5 g/L, at fermentation of 24 h, the xylose utilization ratio, ethanol yield and ethanol concentration decreased by 42.47%, 5.30% and 9.76 g/L, respectively, compared to the control. When phenolic ketones were in the medium, the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids (UFA/SFA) of yeast cells was improved. When 1.5 g/L of three aforementioned phenolic ketones was added to the fermentation medium, the UFA/SFA ratio of yeast cells increased to 3.03, 3.06 and 3.61, respectively, compared to 2.58 of the control, which increased cell membrane fluidity and instability. Therefore, phenolic ketones can reduce the yeast growth, increase the UFA/SFA ratio of yeast and lower ethanol productivity. Effectively reduce or remove the content of lignin degradation products is the key to improve lignocellulose biorefinery.

Effects of ephedrine on ovarian histological structure / 解剖学报

Objective To explore effects of ephedrine on epinephrine (EPI) and estradiol( E2)concentration in blood, histological structures and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and maleic dialdehyde (MDA) content in the ovary of female mice.Methods Pregnant female mice in the experimental group were treated with ephedrine (2g/L,4g/L, 6g/L), and the mice in the control group were treated with saline by intraperitoneal injection .Using ELISA method to detect concentration changes of EPI and E 2 in plasma, the changes in the enzymatic activity of SOD and MDA content were analyzed by colorimetry .The ovarian weight was measured , histological structures in ovary were observed by microscopy and the number of ovarian follicles were counted .Results EPI concentration in plasma of female mice increased , and the E2 concentration decreased dose-dependently in the experimental group .The activities of SOD were lower , and MDA content significantly increased compared to the control .The ovary weight of experimental groups was lower than the control group.The numbers of primary follicle , secondary follicle and atretic follicle increased and corpus luteum decreased in the experimental groups .There were pyknotic ovarian tissues , including oocyte ateophy , degradation granulose cells , and karyopyknotic granulose lutein cells in the experimental groups .Conclusion Ephedrine has a great effect on the ovarian histological structure and ovarian function of female mice , which may be correlated with the low activities of SOD .

Enhancing stability of Trichoderma reesei xylanase (XYN II) by site-directed mutagenesis / 生物工程学报

We engineered a disulphide bridge between two adjacent double-layered beta-sheet at the N-terminal region of Trichoderma reesei endo-1,4-beta-xylanase II(XYN II) by site-directed mutagenesis. The native xylanase XYN-OU and the mutated xylanase XYN-HA12 (T2C, T28C and S156F) were separately expressed in Pichia pastoris. Both xylanases were purified and characterized. The optimum temperature of XYN-HA12 was increased from 50 degrees C to 60 degrees C, relative to XYN-OU. At 70 degrees C, the halftime of inactivation for XYN-OU and XYN-HA12 were 1 min and 14 min, respectively. The optimum pH of XYN-HA12 was 5.0, similar to XYN-OU. However, XYN-HA12 could retain over 50% activity from pH 3.0 to 10.0 at 50 degrees C for 30 min. As for XYN-OU, it could retain over 50% activity from the pH value 4.0 to 9.0 at 50 degrees C in 30 min. The result of the mutated xylanase indicated that constructed disulphide bridge could improve its thermostability at relatively higher temperature.

Effects of heroin and ephedrine on the histological structure and ChAT activity of hypothalamus and hippocampus of filial mice / 解剖学报

Objective To explore effects of heroin and ephedrine on the histological structure and ChAT activity of hypothalamus and hippocampus of filial mice. Expression of Bcl-2 associated X protein(Bax protein) and keratinocyte growth factor(KGF) of hypothalamus and hippocampus were measured. Methods One hundred and eight filial mice were given intraperitoneal injection of heroin and ephedrine by gradually increase of doses, apoptosis and expression of Bax protein and KGF of hypothalamus and hippocampus were observed by Giemsa staining and immunohistochemistry, and the ChAT activity was detected by colorimetry. Results After administration of heroin and ephedrine at 5,10,15,20 days, the number of apoptotic cells and expression of Bax protein and KGF of hypothalamus and hippocampus were significantly increased and ChAT activity was lower than those of the control group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). There were differences between heroin group and the ephedrine group in the above-mentioned four indexes (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The number of apoptotic cells and Bax protein and KGF immunopositive neurons of hypothalamus and hippocampus increased by the increase in dose of heroin and ephedrine. Conclusions Heroin and ephedrine had great effect on the histological structure and ChAT activity of hypothalamus and hippocampus of filial mice, and this effects would be related to the cell apoptosis of hypothalamus and hippocampus.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CONCENTRATION OF TRICHOSTATIN A ON CHICKEN WING BUD DEVELOPMENT / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the reaction of the limbs treated with different concentration of Trichostatin A(75?mol/L,750 ?mol/L,1.5mmol/L),a histone deacetylase(HDAC)-inhibitor.This may be useful to improve our understanding of the role of chromatin remodelling and epigenetic control of gene expression patterns and ultimately the development of drugs against cancer. Methods Using the chicken embryonic limb as an experimental model.The embryos received grafts of TSA soaked beads or PBS control beads into the right forelimb buds.Then they were submitted to in situ hybridization with probes and apoptosis test.Results TSA could modulate the expression of some myogenesis related genes,MyoD and Myf5 during chicken myogenesis.Using apoptosis staining methods,there was no significant apoptosis in the TSA(75?mol/L) treated embryos.However the induction of morphological changes and apoptosis at specific stage was possible with high concentration of TSA.Conclusion TSA(75?mol/L) regulates certain important transcriptional targets and strongly control muscle differentiation.Increasing the concentration of TSA(≥750?mol/L) can induce apoptosis and embryonic limb malformations.Chicken limb development can serve as a convenient in vivo model for studying the effect of HDAC inhibitors.

A preliminary study on the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer with a serum pancreatic cancer-associated antigen / 第三军医大学学报

The sera of 40 normal controls,61 cases of various malignant diseases except pancreatic cancer,53 cases of various henign diseases,and 33 cases of pancreatic cancer were examined with ELISA to determine the serum level of pancreatic cancer-associated antigen(PCAAc).Its normal value was 12.59?6.34 mg/L(x?s),and the value was 57.25?82.93 mg/L in the pancreatic cancer group,which was significantly higher than the normal value and that of the other malignant disease group(P

Toxic effect of cyclophosphamide on the embryoni ccerebral and skeleton development of rats / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study toxic effect of cyclophosphamide on the embryonic cerebral and skeleton development of rats.Methods The pregnant rats were randomly divided into control group and experimental group(5,10,15,20 mg?kg-1 body wt).The experimental group was given cyclophosphamide and control group was given normal saline(sc)d 8~10 after becoming pregnant,and all rats were cut open the belly under anesthesia with ether at d 20 of gestation,the effects of cyclophosphamide on the embryonic body,four limbs form,cerebral and skeleton development of rat were observed.Results The embryos of 5 mg?kg-1 group were normal;the aqueduct of midbrain and left and right lateral ventricle expanded,cerebral hemisphere,lumbar vertebrae,rib,metacarpal bone were hypoplasia of embryos of 10 mg?kg-1 group and the symptoms of 15 mg?kg-1 group were graver than those of 10 mg?kg-1 group;20 mg?kg-1 group did not form embryos.Conclusion Cyclophosphamide has significant toxic effect on the embryonic cerebral and skeleton development of rats.

Acid-base Disturbance in Hepatic Encephalopathy: An Analysis of 33 Cases / 第三军医大学学报

In order to evaluate the clinical significance of the acid-base disturbance complicating hepatic encephalopathy, arterial blood gas and electrolyte levels were determined in 33 patients with encephalopathy due to various hepatic disorders. It was found the respiratory alkalosis occurred in 31 cases(93.9%) and respiratory acidosis complicated with metabolic acidosis in 2 cases (6.06%). In the 31 cases of respiratory alkalosis, there were 4 cases(12.12%) of simple respiratory alkalosis, 18 cases(54.55%) complicated with metabolic alkalosis, 3 cases(9.09%) complicated with metabolic acidosis, and 6 cases complicated with both metabolic alkalosis and acidosis. In addition, the arterial blood pH of 29 cases (87.87%) was above the normal value of 7.45. The main type of acid-base disturbance found in hepatic encephalopathy was alkalosis. Its occurrence was closely related to hypoxemia, hyperammonemia, and elevated blood level of progesterone in the case of respiratory alkalosis and to salt-limited diet and improper administration of diuretics and alkalite drugs in the case of metabolic alkalosis. Metabolic acidosis was usually the result of severe complitions. In alkalosis, there was frequently an elevation of blood free ammonia, which could penetrate the blood-brain barrier easily and induce coma and encephalopathy. Therefore energetic correction of alkalosis would be valuable to prevent hepatic encephalopathy. Effective treatment of the primary disease, correction of hyperventilation.correction of disturbances of blood electrolytes, and administration of arginine hydrochloride and potasium chloride would be appropriate measures in dealing with alkalosis.

LUNG HISTOGENESIS AND EXPRESSION OF TGF-? IN BUFO RADDEI STRAUCH / 解剖学报

Objective To analyze the tissue development rule of the Bufo raddei Strauch lung,to observe the expression of transforming growth factor-?(?_1,?_2,?_3)in developing lung,and to discuss their functions and relationships. Methods The tissue development of the(218) Bufo raddei Strauch lungs was studied by biological microscope technology,and the expression of TGF-? was measured in lung development by immunohistochemistry and images were analyzed by IPP,providing a basis for study of the zoology and developmental biology. Results(1) Lung bud occured in larval 22nd stage from pharynx caudal part.In 26th stage the minutenss locule began to appear.The lung bud gave rise to obvious lung cavity in 31st stage.In 33rd stage originality alveolus began to appear.In 36th stage obvious septum and alveolus appeared.There were many capillary vessel in the wall of lung.In 39th stage the lung of tadpole was like as one of young toad.The respiratory epithelium differentiated from columnar into squamous.The entire developmental process was divided into four phases,lung bud Ⅰphase,lung bud II phase,originality alveolus phase and alveolus phase.(2)In the early developmental phase,TGF-? expressed in the lung wall.In the late developmental phase,TGF-? expressed in mesenchymal at high levels.Conclusion The expression of TGF-? displayed intermittent changes during the period of development.The functions of TGF-? might be respectively different in different development stages.They not only stimulate the process of epithelium of the reticular septa,but also modulate epithelium of alveolar sac and differention.

EXPRESSION AND REGULATORY FUNCTION OF INTER RELATED POLYPEPTIDES DURING DEVELOPMENT OF RENAL TUBULES IN CHICK EMBRYO / 解剖学报

Objective To observe the expression of EGFR,TGF-?,AQP-2 and Bax during development of renal tubules in chick embryo,and explore the role and regulating significance of them. Methods The expression of EGFR,TGF-?,AQP-2 and Bax were observed by immunohistochemistry combined with stereological methods in 36 chicks kidney at 10th-46th incubation stages.The expression intensity of them was analyzed by IPP software. Results The epithelial cells of proximal tubules in chick embryo appeared EGFR immunoreactivity at 26th-46th stages;At 26th-37th stages the epithelial cells of proximal tubules and distal tubules of mesonephros appeared TGF-? immunoreactivity,the epithelial cells of proximal tubules and distal tubules of metanephros appeared TGF-? immunoreactivity at 33rd-40th stages,at 40th-46th stages the epithelial cells of proximal tubules of metanephros appeared TGF-? immunoreactivity but the epithelial cells of distal tubules did not appeare TGF-? immunoreactivity;The epithelial cells of collecting tubules in chick embryo appeared AQP-2 immunoreactivity at 26th-46th stages;The epithelial cells of proximal tubules and distal tubules of mesonephros appeared Bax immunoreactivity at 26th-37th stages,the epithelial cells of proximal tubules of metanephros appeared Bax immunoreactivity at 33rd-46th stages.Images showed the expressions of EGFR,TGF-?(?_1,?_2,?_3)and Bax first displayed up then down,but expression of AQP-2 always displayed up during development of chick embryo.Conclusion Mesonephros of chick embryo has the function of excreting.Degeneration of renal tubules of mesonephros might be related with the excessive expression of TGF-? and Bax.Development,differentiation and maturation of renal tubules and collecting tubules of metanephros might be due to the synergetic expression of EGFR,TGF-?,AQP-2 and Bax.AQP-2 relats to the balance of water during development and maturation of renal tubules in chick embryo.